1 00:00:01,784 --> 00:00:03,525 First Officer: I CAN'T GET POWER ON THE ENGINES. 2 00:00:03,568 --> 00:00:05,048 Narrator: A BOEING TRIPLE SEVEN... 3 00:00:05,092 --> 00:00:06,484 Captain: MAYDAY! MAYDAY! 4 00:00:06,528 --> 00:00:08,269 SPEEDBIRD. SPEEDBIRD. 5 00:00:08,312 --> 00:00:10,793 Narrator: ...CRASH-LANDS AT LONDON'S HEATHROW AIRPORT. 6 00:00:10,836 --> 00:00:13,883 Man: JUST A HUGE BANG. 7 00:00:13,926 --> 00:00:15,928 BITS FALLING OFF THE CEILING. 8 00:00:15,972 --> 00:00:17,495 Passengers: FIRE! 9 00:00:17,539 --> 00:00:18,757 Narrator: A COMMERCIAL JET 10 00:00:18,801 --> 00:00:22,022 PLUNGES INTO THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES. 11 00:00:23,501 --> 00:00:25,547 Man: YOU COULD SMELL THE JET FUEL. 12 00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:27,636 YOU COULD SMELL DEATH. 13 00:00:29,246 --> 00:00:30,552 [CRASH] 14 00:00:30,595 --> 00:00:32,162 Narrator: AND A DEVASTATING CRASH 15 00:00:32,206 --> 00:00:34,077 SHATTERS A SCOTTISH VILLAGE. 16 00:00:34,121 --> 00:00:36,732 Man: SCATTERED ALL AROUND WERE BITS OF DEBRIS, 17 00:00:36,775 --> 00:00:38,603 HUMAN TISSUE AS WELL. 18 00:00:38,647 --> 00:00:40,475 Narrator: THREE HORRIFYING DISASTERS 19 00:00:40,518 --> 00:00:42,607 CAPTURE THE WORLD'S ATTENTION. 20 00:00:42,651 --> 00:00:44,783 Man: IT'S A QUESTION OF WHAT EVIDENCE YOU FIND 21 00:00:44,827 --> 00:00:47,786 AND, AND WHICH DIRECTION TO TAKE THE INVESTIGATION. 22 00:00:47,830 --> 00:00:49,745 Narrator: EACH ONE A COMPLETE MYSTERY 23 00:00:49,788 --> 00:00:52,095 THAT HAS INVESTIGATORS STUMPED. 24 00:00:52,139 --> 00:00:55,403 Man: MY FIRST THOUGHT IS, HOW AM I GONNA PULL THIS OFF? 25 00:00:55,446 --> 00:00:57,274 Narrator: CAN THEY FIND THE CLUES THEY NEED 26 00:00:57,318 --> 00:00:59,885 TO SOLVE THESE PUZZLING CASES? 27 00:00:59,929 --> 00:01:02,062 Man: SOME OF THESE EVENTS, 28 00:01:02,105 --> 00:01:04,412 WE CAN FIGURE THEM OUT WITHIN A DAY OR TWO, 29 00:01:04,455 --> 00:01:06,109 BUT OTHERS TAKE YEARS. 30 00:01:08,024 --> 00:01:09,025 Flight attendant: LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, 31 00:01:09,069 --> 00:01:10,505 WE ARE STARTING OUR APPROACH. 32 00:01:10,548 --> 00:01:12,072 Pilot: WE LOST BOTH ENGINES! 33 00:01:12,115 --> 00:01:13,073 Flight attendant: PUT THE MASK OVER YOUR NOSE. 34 00:01:13,116 --> 00:01:14,074 EMERGENCY DESCENT. 35 00:01:14,117 --> 00:01:15,379 Pilot: MAYDAY, MAYDAY! 36 00:01:15,423 --> 00:01:16,772 Flight attendant: BRACE FOR IMPACT! 37 00:01:16,815 --> 00:01:18,339 Controller: I THINK I LOST ONE. 38 00:01:18,382 --> 00:01:20,950 Man: INVESTIGATION STARTING INTO THIS TRAGEDY... 39 00:01:20,993 --> 00:01:22,125 Man: HE'S GONNA CRASH! 40 00:01:22,169 --> 00:01:34,485 ♪ 41 00:01:34,529 --> 00:01:35,530 Flight Attendant: HI THERE. GOOD AFTERNOON. 42 00:01:35,573 --> 00:01:37,619 Passenger: GOOD AFTERNOON. 43 00:01:37,662 --> 00:01:38,750 Flight Attendant: IT'S RIGHT THERE. 44 00:01:41,362 --> 00:01:45,235 Narrator: VALUJET FLIGHT 592 ISA SHORT ONE-AND-A-HALF-HOUR TRIP 45 00:01:45,279 --> 00:01:47,455 FROM MIAMI TO ATLANTA, GEORGIA. 46 00:01:50,632 --> 00:01:53,678 Flight Attendant: LET ME HELP YOU WITH THAT. 47 00:01:53,722 --> 00:01:57,160 Narrator: IN COMMAND IS 35-YEAR-OLD CANDALYN KUBECK. 48 00:01:57,204 --> 00:02:01,643 SHE'S AN EXPERIENCED PILOT WITH NEARLY 9,000 FLIGHT HOURS. 49 00:02:01,686 --> 00:02:03,384 Richard Hazen: OKAY. 50 00:02:03,427 --> 00:02:05,821 Narrator: THE FIRST OFFICER IS A FORMER AIR FORCE PILOT, 51 00:02:05,864 --> 00:02:07,910 52-YEAR-OLD RICHARD HAZEN. 52 00:02:12,001 --> 00:02:13,872 Hazen: CLEAR TO START? Candalyn Kubeck: RECEIVED. 53 00:02:15,744 --> 00:02:16,919 Narrator: TODAY'S FLIGHT IS LOADED 54 00:02:16,962 --> 00:02:20,227 WITH ALMOST 4,400 POUNDS OF CARGO, 55 00:02:20,270 --> 00:02:21,924 WHICH INCLUDES PASSENGER LUGGAGE, 56 00:02:21,967 --> 00:02:25,057 VALUJET COMPANY MATERIAL, AND U.S. MAIL. 57 00:02:28,844 --> 00:02:31,194 AFTER THE CREW SIGNS OFF ON THE CARGO, 58 00:02:31,238 --> 00:02:33,196 THE FLIGHT IS READY FOR DEPARTURE. 59 00:02:33,240 --> 00:02:34,980 Hazen: THERE YOU GO. 60 00:02:35,024 --> 00:02:39,246 Controller: CRITTER 592, TAXI TO RUNWAY NINER-LEFT. 61 00:02:39,289 --> 00:02:42,945 Hazen: NINE-LEFT, CRITTER 592. 62 00:02:42,988 --> 00:02:44,686 Narrator: THEY'RE PILOTING A DC-9 63 00:02:44,729 --> 00:02:47,471 WITH MORE THAN 68,000 HOURS OF FLIGHT TIME. 64 00:02:47,515 --> 00:02:50,474 Controller: CRITTER 592, RUNWAY NINE-LEFT, 65 00:02:50,518 --> 00:02:51,780 CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF. 66 00:02:56,176 --> 00:02:57,699 Hazen: POWER IS SET. 67 00:03:00,658 --> 00:03:01,529 ROTATE. 68 00:03:07,665 --> 00:03:09,580 Kubeck: GEAR UP. 69 00:03:09,624 --> 00:03:12,235 Narrator: TAKEOFF FROM MIAMI AIRPORT IS NORMAL. 70 00:03:17,632 --> 00:03:21,244 Jerome Chandler: THE SKYWAS RELATIVELY BENIGN THAT DAY, 71 00:03:21,288 --> 00:03:23,638 AND THEY WERE JUSTLOOKING FORWARD TO GETTING HOME. 72 00:03:26,510 --> 00:03:29,383 Narrator: TODAY'S ROUTE TAKES FLIGHT 592 NORTHWEST 73 00:03:29,426 --> 00:03:31,167 OVER THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES 74 00:03:31,211 --> 00:03:33,691 AND THEN STRAIGHT UP TO ATLANTA, GEORGIA. 75 00:03:33,735 --> 00:03:39,349 ♪ 76 00:03:39,393 --> 00:03:41,221 [BOOM] 77 00:03:41,264 --> 00:03:42,222 Kubeck: WHAT WAS THAT? 78 00:03:42,265 --> 00:03:43,745 Hazen: I DON'T KNOW. 79 00:03:43,788 --> 00:03:45,050 [ALARM] 80 00:03:45,094 --> 00:03:46,574 Kubeck: WE GOT SOME ELECTRICAL PROBLEM. 81 00:03:46,617 --> 00:03:49,403 WE'RE LOSING EVERYTHING. 82 00:03:49,446 --> 00:03:51,927 Narrator: IT'S JUST SIX MINUTES AFTER TAKEOFF. 83 00:03:51,970 --> 00:03:55,539 SUDDENLY, THE DC-9 IS IN TROUBLE. 84 00:03:55,583 --> 00:03:57,976 THE CREW FACES A BARRAGE OF FAILURES. 85 00:03:58,020 --> 00:03:59,413 Kubeck: WE NEED TO GO BACK TO MIAMI. 86 00:03:59,456 --> 00:04:00,588 [SNIFFS] 87 00:04:00,631 --> 00:04:01,893 Passenger: DO YOU SMELL SMOKE? 88 00:04:01,937 --> 00:04:03,895 [COUGHING] 89 00:04:03,939 --> 00:04:04,983 Passenger: FIRE! 90 00:04:05,027 --> 00:04:07,290 [ALARM] 91 00:04:07,334 --> 00:04:09,336 FIRE! 92 00:04:09,379 --> 00:04:11,773 Narrator: FLAMES ARE BURNING THROUGH THE CABIN FLOOR. 93 00:04:11,816 --> 00:04:14,819 [COUGHING] 94 00:04:14,863 --> 00:04:16,560 Hazen: SMOKE IN THE CABIN. 95 00:04:16,604 --> 00:04:19,650 Narrator: PASSENGERS ARE IN A DESPERATE FIGHT FOR SURVIVAL, 96 00:04:19,694 --> 00:04:23,132 BUT THERE'S NO ESCAPING THE FLAMES. 97 00:04:23,175 --> 00:04:24,742 Chandler: THIS IS HEAVY, POISONOUS SMOKE. 98 00:04:24,786 --> 00:04:26,091 PEOPLE ARE BREATHING IT IN. 99 00:04:29,399 --> 00:04:31,096 [ALARM] 100 00:04:31,140 --> 00:04:32,446 Flight Attendant: WE'RE COMPLETELY ON FIRE! 101 00:04:32,489 --> 00:04:33,447 [ALARM] 102 00:04:38,321 --> 00:04:39,844 Narrator: THE JET PLUMMETS TOWARDS THE GROUND 103 00:04:39,888 --> 00:04:42,499 AT OVER 400 MILES PER HOUR. 104 00:04:42,543 --> 00:04:47,939 [COUGHING] 105 00:04:47,983 --> 00:04:50,899 [ALARM] 106 00:04:57,558 --> 00:04:59,690 FLIGHT 592 HAS CRASHED INTO 107 00:04:59,734 --> 00:05:02,476 ONE OF THE MOST INHOSPITABLE SPOTS ON EARTH, 108 00:05:02,519 --> 00:05:04,652 THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES. 109 00:05:04,695 --> 00:05:07,263 Witness: A LARGE JET AIRCRAFT HAS JUST CRASHED OUT HERE, 110 00:05:07,307 --> 00:05:09,787 LARGE, LIKE AIRLINER SIZE. 111 00:05:09,831 --> 00:05:11,789 YOU NEED TO GET YOUR CHOPPERS IN THE AIR. 112 00:05:15,924 --> 00:05:21,059 Narrator: ALL 110 PEOPLE ABOARD THE FLIGHT ARE DEAD. 113 00:05:21,103 --> 00:05:23,758 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD INVESTIGATORS 114 00:05:23,801 --> 00:05:26,238 FACE ONE OF THE MOST HAZARDOUS ACCIDENT SCENES 115 00:05:26,282 --> 00:05:28,197 THEY'VE EVER ENCOUNTERED... 116 00:05:31,461 --> 00:05:33,289 A SWAMPLAND. 117 00:05:33,333 --> 00:05:35,813 Malcolm Brenner: THE WRECKAGE WAS IN A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT. 118 00:05:35,857 --> 00:05:38,729 IT WASN'T CLEAR AT THAT POINT HOW MUCH WE'D BE ABLE TO, 119 00:05:38,773 --> 00:05:41,297 TO, TO LEARN FROM THE WRECKAGE OR BE ABLE TO RECOVER. 120 00:05:43,517 --> 00:05:46,607 Narrator: LEADING THE TEAM IS VETERAN INVESTIGATOR GREG FEITH. 121 00:05:46,650 --> 00:05:48,870 Greg Feith: ALL RIGHT, LET'S GET TO WORK. 122 00:05:48,913 --> 00:05:51,394 MY FIRST THOUGHT IS, HOW AM I GONNA PULL THIS OFF? 123 00:05:51,438 --> 00:05:53,048 WE'VE DRAWN UP A GRID. 124 00:05:53,091 --> 00:05:56,965 WE'RE GOING TO SCOUR THIS SWAMP QUADRANT BY QUADRANT. 125 00:05:57,008 --> 00:05:58,227 Narrator: WHAT'S LEFT OF THE AIRCRAFT 126 00:05:58,270 --> 00:06:00,577 HAS SUNK INTO THE VAST SWAMP. 127 00:06:05,234 --> 00:06:06,801 Brenner: THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF THE AIRPLANE. 128 00:06:06,844 --> 00:06:08,585 THERE WAS JUST DEBRIS, 129 00:06:08,629 --> 00:06:10,805 VERY LITTLE PRESENT AND NO EVIDENCE OF PASSENGERS. 130 00:06:13,155 --> 00:06:15,026 Narrator: RECOVERY TEAMS CONTINUE TO BATTLE 131 00:06:15,070 --> 00:06:16,376 THE HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT, 132 00:06:16,419 --> 00:06:19,291 LOOKING FOR ANY CLUES THEY CAN FIND. 133 00:06:19,335 --> 00:06:20,336 Paul Toy: YOU'RE TRUDGING THROUGH, 134 00:06:20,380 --> 00:06:22,120 AND YOU'RE IN YOUR WADERS, 135 00:06:22,164 --> 00:06:25,428 AND, UH, YOU'RE STEPPING ON STUFF. 136 00:06:25,472 --> 00:06:26,995 YOU HAVE TO BEND DOWN, 137 00:06:27,038 --> 00:06:29,954 AND YOU HAVE TO PICK IT UP AND SEE WHAT IT IS. 138 00:06:29,998 --> 00:06:31,347 Feith: THERE WERE TIMES WHERE, YOU KNOW, 139 00:06:31,391 --> 00:06:33,523 YOU THINK YOU'RE PICKING UP A WIRE BUNDLE. 140 00:06:33,567 --> 00:06:35,786 YOU'RE PICKING UP THE BACK END OF A SNAKE. 141 00:06:35,830 --> 00:06:42,097 ♪ 142 00:06:42,140 --> 00:06:43,446 Narrator: WHILE FEITH'S RESCUE TEAM 143 00:06:43,490 --> 00:06:46,449 SCOURS THE DENSE GRASSES OF THE SWAMPLAND, 144 00:06:46,493 --> 00:06:48,190 INVESTIGATORS TURN THEIR ATTENTION 145 00:06:48,233 --> 00:06:50,758 TO THE ONLY LEAD THEY HAVE. 146 00:06:50,801 --> 00:06:52,107 Controller: ROGER, CRITTER 592. 147 00:06:52,150 --> 00:06:53,804 WHAT KIND OF PROBLEM ARE YOU HAVING? 148 00:06:53,848 --> 00:06:56,067 Narrator: THE PILOTS REPORTED SMOKE IN THE CABIN. 149 00:06:56,111 --> 00:06:58,200 Hazen: SMOKE IN THE CABIN. 150 00:06:58,243 --> 00:07:00,985 Narrator: THEY DIG THROUGH FLIGHT 592'S RECORDS, 151 00:07:01,029 --> 00:07:03,901 LOOKING FOR CLUES AS TO WHAT MIGHT HAVE CAUSED IT. 152 00:07:06,730 --> 00:07:09,646 THEY LEARN THAT THE FLIGHT WAS DELAYED EARLIER IN THE DAY 153 00:07:09,690 --> 00:07:12,475 DUE TO MINOR ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS. 154 00:07:12,519 --> 00:07:15,260 IT RAISES CONCERNS THAT AN ELECTRICAL FIRE 155 00:07:15,304 --> 00:07:17,045 BROUGHT DOWN THE PLANE. 156 00:07:17,088 --> 00:07:18,829 Brenner: WE WERE LOOKING AT ANY EXPLANATION. 157 00:07:18,873 --> 00:07:21,789 THERE COULD HAVE BEEN A FAULT IN THE WIRING OR A SHORT CIRCUIT, 158 00:07:21,832 --> 00:07:26,228 AND WE REALIZED IT WAS GONNA BE A VERY DIFFICULT INVESTIGATION. 159 00:07:26,271 --> 00:07:27,621 Narrator: WITH THIS NEW LEAD, 160 00:07:27,664 --> 00:07:30,406 NTSB FIRE INVESTIGATOR MERRITT BIRKY 161 00:07:30,450 --> 00:07:34,105 STUDIES CLUMPS OF TANGLED WIRING PULLED FROM THE SWAMP 162 00:07:34,149 --> 00:07:35,977 TO DETERMINE WHETHER A SHORT CIRCUIT 163 00:07:36,020 --> 00:07:40,416 COULD HAVE CAUSED THE IN-FLIGHT FIRE. 164 00:07:40,460 --> 00:07:42,984 WHEN FAULTY WIRING SPARKS A FIRE, 165 00:07:43,027 --> 00:07:46,727 ELECTRICAL ARCING CAUSES THE WIRES TO BURN AND MELT. 166 00:07:46,770 --> 00:07:49,120 Merritt Birky: WHEN WE RECOVERED MORE OF THE ELECTRICAL HARNESS 167 00:07:49,164 --> 00:07:51,949 ON THE PLANE, WE SAW SOME DAMAGE THERE, 168 00:07:51,993 --> 00:07:58,652 BUT IT WASN'T, UH, EVIDENCE OF ELECTRICAL ARCING ON THE WIRE. 169 00:07:58,695 --> 00:08:01,306 Narrator: CAREFUL EXAMINATION RULES OUT FAULTY WIRING 170 00:08:01,350 --> 00:08:03,700 AS A POTENTIAL CAUSE OF THE FIRE. 171 00:08:06,790 --> 00:08:09,445 INVESTIGATORS ARE STILL WITHOUT ANSWERS. 172 00:08:09,489 --> 00:08:12,579 ALL THEY HAVE TO GO ON ARE RANDOM PIECES OF WRECKAGE 173 00:08:12,622 --> 00:08:15,016 THEY'VE BEEN ABLE TO FIND IN THE SWAMPLAND. 174 00:08:19,455 --> 00:08:22,371 Birky: SO, WE HAD PARTS COMING IN THAT WERE DAMAGED, 175 00:08:22,414 --> 00:08:25,896 ALMOST ALL LIMITED TO THE CARGO COMPARTMENT. 176 00:08:25,940 --> 00:08:29,247 WE HAD MELTED STRUCTURE COMPONENTS THAT WERE 177 00:08:29,291 --> 00:08:31,946 IN THE OVERHEAD OF THE CARGO COMPARTMENT, 178 00:08:31,989 --> 00:08:36,124 WHICH MADE UP THE FLOOR OF THE PASSENGER COMPARTMENT. 179 00:08:38,996 --> 00:08:40,781 Narrator: AS MERRITT BIRKY HUNTS FOR EVIDENCE 180 00:08:40,824 --> 00:08:44,741 OF WHAT STARTED THE FIRE, HE MAKES A CHANCE DISCOVERY. 181 00:08:44,785 --> 00:08:47,570 Birky: IT'S STAINLESS STEEL. 182 00:08:47,614 --> 00:08:50,138 YOU DON'T NORMALLY SEE BURNED STAINLESS STEEL 183 00:08:50,181 --> 00:08:52,706 IN AN IN-FLIGHT FIRE. 184 00:08:52,749 --> 00:08:54,708 Narrator: PLANES ARE MADE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL 185 00:08:54,751 --> 00:08:58,581 LIKE ALUMINUM AND TITANIUM, NOT STAINLESS STEEL. 186 00:09:00,670 --> 00:09:03,499 INVESTIGATORS CONCLUDE THAT IF THE STAINLESS STEEL 187 00:09:03,543 --> 00:09:07,677 WASN'T FROM THE PLANE, THEN IT MUST BE FROM THE CARGO. 188 00:09:07,721 --> 00:09:10,506 Brenner: THE OPERATIONS GROUP MORE AND MORE BECAME CONCERNED 189 00:09:10,550 --> 00:09:13,727 ABOUT THE CARGO THAT WAS LOADED ON THE AIRPLANE 190 00:09:13,770 --> 00:09:18,296 AND WHAT POSSIBLE SIGNIFICANCE IT COULD HAVE TO THE ACCIDENT. 191 00:09:18,340 --> 00:09:22,344 Narrator: THEY PULL THE CARGO DOCUMENTATION FOR FLIGHT 592 192 00:09:22,387 --> 00:09:24,607 AND DISCOVER THAT THE PLANE WAS TRANSPORTING 193 00:09:24,651 --> 00:09:28,132 THREE TIRES AND FIVE CARDBOARD BOXES CONTAINING 194 00:09:28,176 --> 00:09:34,486 144 EMPTY STAINLESS STEEL OXYGEN GENERATORS. 195 00:09:34,530 --> 00:09:37,359 OXYGEN GENERATORS ARE SMALL DEVICES INSTALLED 196 00:09:37,402 --> 00:09:40,797 ABOVE THE PASSENGER SEATS OF CERTAIN AIRPLANES. 197 00:09:40,841 --> 00:09:43,713 THEY ARE CONNECTED TO OXYGEN MASKS THAT DROP DOWN 198 00:09:43,757 --> 00:09:46,542 IN THE EVENT OF CABIN DEPRESSURIZATION. 199 00:09:46,586 --> 00:09:52,156 WHEN DEPLOYED, SEVERAL CHEMICALS COMBINE TO CREATE OXYGEN. 200 00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:54,942 THE CHEMICAL REACTION GENERATES A LOT OF HEAT. 201 00:09:54,985 --> 00:09:58,467 THE CANISTERS CAN REACH 500 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 202 00:10:01,513 --> 00:10:03,951 Birky: THESE THINGS GET PRETTY HOT, GREG, 203 00:10:03,994 --> 00:10:06,040 REALLY HOT. 204 00:10:06,083 --> 00:10:08,738 Feith: AN OXYGEN GENERATOR THAT IS NOT MOUNTED 205 00:10:08,782 --> 00:10:11,698 IN ITS PROPER POSITION IN A HEAT SINK CRADLE 206 00:10:11,741 --> 00:10:15,266 IN THE PASSENGER SERVICE UNIT IS, IS LETHAL 207 00:10:15,310 --> 00:10:18,618 BECAUSE IF IT'S ANYWHERE NEAR A COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL, 208 00:10:18,661 --> 00:10:22,099 YOU'RE GONNA HAVE A FIRE. 209 00:10:22,143 --> 00:10:25,233 Narrator: REGULATIONS REQUIRE THAT ALL OXYGEN GENERATORS 210 00:10:25,276 --> 00:10:28,671 REMOVED FROM AN AIRCRAFT BE DEACTIVATED AND EMPTIED 211 00:10:28,715 --> 00:10:32,153 OF VOLATILE CHEMICALS BEFORE TRANSPORTING. 212 00:10:32,196 --> 00:10:35,635 Feith: WE HAD FIVE BOXES OF THESE, OR 144 OF THEM, 213 00:10:35,678 --> 00:10:38,942 THROWN IN A BOX, CARRIED AS CARGO. 214 00:10:38,986 --> 00:10:41,292 THEY'RE SUPPOSEDLY EMPTY. 215 00:10:41,336 --> 00:10:45,209 WHAT DANGER IS THERE CARRYING THEM AS CARGO? 216 00:10:45,253 --> 00:10:46,689 THERE'S NO QUESTION. 217 00:10:46,733 --> 00:10:49,605 THEY'RE CLEARLY LISTED AS EMPTY. 218 00:10:49,649 --> 00:10:52,477 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS WONDER WHETHER THE OXYGEN GENERATORS 219 00:10:52,521 --> 00:10:55,393 WERE IMPROPERLY DISMANTLED BEFORE SHIPPING. 220 00:10:55,437 --> 00:10:58,570 Feith: DID THEY HAVE A POTENTIAL FOR CREATING A FIRE, 221 00:10:58,614 --> 00:11:00,485 OR A FIRE SITUATION, 222 00:11:00,529 --> 00:11:03,271 THAT COULD HAVE JEOPARDIZED THE SAFETY OF THIS AIRCRAFT? 223 00:11:08,755 --> 00:11:11,845 Narrator: RECOVERY TEAMS IN THE FIELD CATCH A LUCKY BREAK 224 00:11:11,888 --> 00:11:14,325 AND RECOVER A BATCH OF OXYGEN GENERATORS 225 00:11:14,369 --> 00:11:16,980 AT THE BOTTOM OF THE EVERGLADES. 226 00:11:17,024 --> 00:11:20,375 THE DISCOVERY CONFIRMS THEIR HUNCH. 227 00:11:20,418 --> 00:11:22,116 WHILE SOME OF THEM ARE EMPTY... 228 00:11:22,159 --> 00:11:23,987 Feith: THIS ONE'S NEVER EVEN BEEN TRIGGERED. 229 00:11:24,031 --> 00:11:27,599 Narrator: ...MANY OTHERS ARE FULL. 230 00:11:27,643 --> 00:11:30,211 Feith: THE OXYGEN GENERATORS THAT WE HAD FOUND 231 00:11:30,254 --> 00:11:31,516 HAD BEEN DAMAGED. 232 00:11:31,560 --> 00:11:33,518 SOME WERE COMPLETELY FLATTENED. 233 00:11:33,562 --> 00:11:35,520 SOME OF THEM WERE CHARRED AND CRUSHED. 234 00:11:35,564 --> 00:11:37,609 SOME OF THEM STILL HAD THE MATERIAL IN THEM, 235 00:11:37,653 --> 00:11:40,656 BUT THE CASE HAD BEEN DENTED AND, AND DAMAGED. 236 00:11:42,963 --> 00:11:45,792 Narrator: IT NOW SEEMS THAT THE HIGHLY VOLATILE CHEMICALS 237 00:11:45,835 --> 00:11:49,621 WERE SHIPPED ON BOARD VALUJET 592. 238 00:11:49,665 --> 00:11:52,886 HAD THE PILOTS KNOWN WHAT WAS ACTUALLY ON BOARD, 239 00:11:52,929 --> 00:11:56,411 IT'S UNLIKELY THEY WOULD HAVE SIGNED OFF ON THE MANIFEST. 240 00:11:56,454 --> 00:11:57,760 Hazen: THERE YOU GO. 241 00:11:57,804 --> 00:11:59,327 Narrator: BUT TO PROVE THEIR THEORY, 242 00:11:59,370 --> 00:12:02,112 INVESTIGATORS NEED TO FIND OUT HOW THE CANISTERS 243 00:12:02,156 --> 00:12:06,247 GOT ON THE FLIGHT AND HOW THEY MIGHT HAVE IGNITED. 244 00:12:06,290 --> 00:12:09,554 [SCREAMING] 245 00:12:13,341 --> 00:12:15,952 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPECIALIST JIM HENDERSON 246 00:12:15,996 --> 00:12:18,781 JOINS THE INVESTIGATIVE TEAM TO FIGURE OUT 247 00:12:18,825 --> 00:12:22,263 HOW HIGHLY VOLATILE OXYGEN GENERATORS WERE SHIPPED 248 00:12:22,306 --> 00:12:26,833 ON VALUJET FLIGHT 592 AS CARGO. 249 00:12:26,876 --> 00:12:31,402 HE TRACKS DOWN SHIPPING PAPERS AND UNCOVERS A SHOCKING MISTAKE. 250 00:12:31,446 --> 00:12:35,102 THE SHIPPING CLERK MISLABELED THE GENERATORS AS EMPTY, 251 00:12:35,145 --> 00:12:39,280 WHEN IN FACT THEY WERE MERELY PAST THEIR EXPIRATION DATE. 252 00:12:39,323 --> 00:12:40,585 Jim Henderson: DID SOMEONE ACTUALLY THINK 253 00:12:40,629 --> 00:12:42,936 THAT EXPIRED MEANT EMPTY? 254 00:12:42,979 --> 00:12:44,415 THIS WAS A BIG PROBLEM 255 00:12:44,459 --> 00:12:47,201 BECAUSE THESE OXYGEN GENERATORSWEREN'T EMPTY. 256 00:12:47,244 --> 00:12:49,943 THEY HAD EXPIRED, BUT EXPIRATION JUST MEANT 257 00:12:49,986 --> 00:12:53,903 THAT THEY HAD EXCEEDED THEIR SHELF LIFE. 258 00:12:53,947 --> 00:12:57,037 THEY WERE STILL CAPABLE OF GENERATING OXYGEN. 259 00:12:57,080 --> 00:12:59,561 THEY HADN'T BEEN PROPERLY SAFED, 260 00:12:59,604 --> 00:13:02,042 AND THEY HADN'T BEEN PROPERLY PACKAGED, 261 00:13:02,085 --> 00:13:05,001 SO WE WERE REALLY CONCERNED THAT THIS MIGHT BE 262 00:13:05,045 --> 00:13:10,528 EITHER WHAT CAUSED THE ACCIDENT OR WHAT MADE THE FIRE WORSE. 263 00:13:13,531 --> 00:13:16,360 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS CONCLUDE THAT AIRPORT WORKERS 264 00:13:16,404 --> 00:13:21,061 LOADED POTENTIALLY FLAMMABLE CARGO ONTO VALUJET 592 265 00:13:21,104 --> 00:13:24,325 BECAUSE OF AN ERROR IN SHIPPING PAPERS. 266 00:13:24,368 --> 00:13:27,415 BUT THE MISTAKE STILL DOESN'T EXPLAIN HOW THE FIRE SPREAD 267 00:13:27,458 --> 00:13:30,940 TO THE REST OF THE PLANE. 268 00:13:30,984 --> 00:13:33,900 THE DC-9'S CARGO HOLD IS AIRTIGHT. 269 00:13:33,943 --> 00:13:37,077 IT'S SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO CONTAIN A FIRE. 270 00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:41,037 BUT IF OXYGEN GENERATORS WERE CREATING THEIR OWN OXYGEN, 271 00:13:41,081 --> 00:13:43,997 COULD THE CARGO HOLD STILL CONTAIN THE FIRE? 272 00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:45,781 Feith: WE KNEW ABOUT THE OXYGEN GENERATORS. 273 00:13:45,825 --> 00:13:48,784 WE KNEW THE POTENTIAL THEY HAD FOR BEING A FIRE SOURCE, 274 00:13:48,828 --> 00:13:51,569 BUT WE DIDN'T REALLY KNOW THEIR REAL POTENTIAL 275 00:13:51,613 --> 00:13:55,573 FOR BRINGING DOWN AN AIRCRAFT. 276 00:13:55,617 --> 00:13:57,662 Narrator: AT A FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 277 00:13:57,706 --> 00:13:59,229 FIRE TEST FACILITY... 278 00:13:59,273 --> 00:14:00,883 Feith: OKAY, LET'S DO THIS. 279 00:14:00,927 --> 00:14:02,798 Narrator: ...INVESTIGATORS HOPE TO RECREATE THE FIRE 280 00:14:02,842 --> 00:14:05,105 THAT CONSUMED FLIGHT 592. 281 00:14:05,148 --> 00:14:08,935 Birky: WE PUT FIVE BOXES OF OXYGEN GENERATORS, 282 00:14:08,978 --> 00:14:11,894 PUT THEM ON TOP OF, UH, A TIRE 283 00:14:11,938 --> 00:14:14,723 AND PUT SOME LUGGAGE AROUND THEM. 284 00:14:14,766 --> 00:14:17,334 Feith: ONE MINUTE TO IGNITION. 285 00:14:17,378 --> 00:14:22,513 WE HAD TO TRIGGER ONE OF THE OXYGEN GENERATORS MANUALLY. 286 00:14:22,557 --> 00:14:25,038 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS ACTIVATE ONE OF THE GENERATORS 287 00:14:25,081 --> 00:14:28,215 TO SIMULATE A CANISTER BEING JOSTLED IN THE CARGO HOLD 288 00:14:28,258 --> 00:14:29,825 DURING TAKEOFF. 289 00:14:29,869 --> 00:14:32,741 [BEEPING] 290 00:14:34,438 --> 00:14:36,484 Feith: IT MADE AN UNBELIEVABLE NOISE. 291 00:14:36,527 --> 00:14:38,616 IT SOUNDED, IT WAS A HIGH-PITCHED SCREAM. 292 00:14:38,660 --> 00:14:40,662 WE ALL LOOKED AT EACH OTHER, AND WE WERE KIND OF STARTLED. 293 00:14:40,705 --> 00:14:42,577 I MEAN, THE SOUND WAS DEAFENING. 294 00:14:42,620 --> 00:14:51,716 [SCREAMING] 295 00:14:55,068 --> 00:14:56,808 Narrator: TEN MINUTES AFTER IGNITION, 296 00:14:56,852 --> 00:14:58,723 THE CEILING OF THE TEST CARGO CONTAINER 297 00:14:58,767 --> 00:15:02,162 REACHES 2,000 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 298 00:15:02,205 --> 00:15:03,946 Birky: LORD ALMIGHTY. 299 00:15:03,990 --> 00:15:07,254 Feith: WE HAD A RAGING FIRE, AND NONE OF US HAD EXPECTED 300 00:15:07,297 --> 00:15:10,692 A FIRE TO BE THAT BIG AND THAT HOT, 301 00:15:10,735 --> 00:15:15,697 AND IT WAS JUST AMAZING TO SEE HOW DESTRUCTIVE SOMETHING 302 00:15:15,740 --> 00:15:18,439 THIS LONG AND THAT BIG AROUND COULD BE. 303 00:15:21,529 --> 00:15:24,880 Narrator: THE EXPERIMENT SUPPORTS THE NTSB THEORY. 304 00:15:24,924 --> 00:15:28,928 IMPROPERLY DISMANTLED AND MISLABELED OXYGEN GENERATORS 305 00:15:28,971 --> 00:15:33,280 CAUSED THE CRASH OF VALUJET 592. 306 00:15:33,323 --> 00:15:35,760 EVEN IN AN AIRTIGHT CARGO HOLD, 307 00:15:35,804 --> 00:15:37,980 THE FIRE WOULD HAVE BURNED FIERCELY ENOUGH 308 00:15:38,024 --> 00:15:41,201 TO BRING DOWN THE DC-9. 309 00:15:41,244 --> 00:15:46,641 Feith: IT ONLY TOOK 3 MINUTES AND 42 SECONDS 310 00:15:46,684 --> 00:15:48,077 FOR THE FIRE TO BRING DOWN THE PLANE. 311 00:15:51,776 --> 00:15:53,169 Narrator: THERE WAS NO CHANCE 312 00:15:53,213 --> 00:15:55,998 OF GETTING THE PLANE TO THE GROUND SAFELY. 313 00:15:56,042 --> 00:16:10,230 ♪ 314 00:16:10,273 --> 00:16:11,840 IN THE WAKE OF THE ACCIDENT, 315 00:16:11,883 --> 00:16:13,755 THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 316 00:16:13,798 --> 00:16:16,453 GROUNDS VALUJET INDEFINITELY. 317 00:16:16,497 --> 00:16:19,456 THE AIRLINE IS EVENTUALLY SOLD. 318 00:16:19,500 --> 00:16:22,764 THE NTSB RECOMMENDS BETTER TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES 319 00:16:22,807 --> 00:16:26,768 WHO HANDLE OXYGEN GENERATORS. 320 00:16:26,811 --> 00:16:28,857 IT'S THE STUBBORN AND UNRELENTING EFFORTS 321 00:16:28,900 --> 00:16:34,819 OF INVESTIGATORS THAT SOLVES THE CASE OF VALUJET 592. 322 00:16:34,863 --> 00:16:36,604 Bob Benzon: IT WAS KIND OF A SHERLOCK HOLMES-TYPE THING. 323 00:16:36,647 --> 00:16:39,041 THERE'S A PROCESS OF ELIMINATION 324 00:16:39,085 --> 00:16:42,392 TO WINNOW THINGS DOWN TO A CAUSE. 325 00:16:50,313 --> 00:16:52,924 Narrator: BRITISH AIRWAYS FLIGHT 38 IS NEARING THE END 326 00:16:52,968 --> 00:16:54,622 OF A TEN-AND-A-HALF-HOUR JOURNEY 327 00:16:54,665 --> 00:16:58,495 FROM BEIJING TO LONDON'S HEATHROW AIRPORT. 328 00:16:58,539 --> 00:17:02,934 CAPTAIN PETER BURKILL HAS MADE THIS TRIP MANY TIMES BEFORE. 329 00:17:02,978 --> 00:17:05,372 Peter Burkill: I WAS OPERATING THAT ROUTE A LOT. 330 00:17:05,415 --> 00:17:08,114 IT WAS ONE OF MY FAVORITEFLIGHTS BECAUSE IT WAS DAYLIGHT. 331 00:17:08,157 --> 00:17:09,941 YOU COULD, YOU COULD SEE THE VIEWS 332 00:17:09,985 --> 00:17:12,640 THE WHOLE WAY ALONG THE ROUTE. 333 00:17:12,683 --> 00:17:15,077 Narrator: BURKILL AND FIRST OFFICER JOHN COWARD 334 00:17:15,121 --> 00:17:17,340 BOTH HAVE THOUSANDS OF HOURS UNDER THEIR BELTS 335 00:17:17,384 --> 00:17:19,429 FLYING THE TRIPLE SEVEN. 336 00:17:19,473 --> 00:17:21,823 Burkill: IT'S A JOY TO FLY. SHE HANDLES REALLY WELL. 337 00:17:21,866 --> 00:17:26,567 SHE'S GOT MODERN EQUIPMENT. THE COMPUTERS ARE EASY TO USE. 338 00:17:26,610 --> 00:17:29,135 Narrator: POWERED BY TWO MASSIVE ROLLS-ROYCE ENGINES, 339 00:17:29,178 --> 00:17:30,614 THE BOEING TRIPLE SEVEN 340 00:17:30,658 --> 00:17:32,921 IS ONE OF THE SAFEST PLANES IN THE INDUSTRY. 341 00:17:36,664 --> 00:17:38,231 THE AUTOPILOT IS IN CONTROL 342 00:17:38,274 --> 00:17:41,016 AS THE CREW LINES UP WITH THE RUNWAY. 343 00:17:41,060 --> 00:17:42,844 AT 1,000 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND, 344 00:17:42,887 --> 00:17:47,022 THE PLANE IS BUFFETED BY SOME HIGH WINDS. 345 00:17:47,066 --> 00:17:49,807 Nicholas Harris: JUST A LITTLE TURBULENCE. 346 00:17:49,851 --> 00:17:52,941 Narrator: IT'S THE FIRST WRINKLE IN AN OTHERWISE SMOOTH JOURNEY. 347 00:17:55,378 --> 00:17:56,901 TWO MINUTES BEFORE LANDING, 348 00:17:56,945 --> 00:17:59,121 COWARD TAKES OVER FLYING THE PLANE. 349 00:17:59,165 --> 00:18:00,296 Burkill: YOU HAVE CONTROL? 350 00:18:00,340 --> 00:18:01,863 John Coward: I HAVE CONTROL. 351 00:18:01,906 --> 00:18:04,126 Controller: SPEEDBIRD 38, CLEARED TO LAND 27 LEFT. 352 00:18:04,170 --> 00:18:09,088 Burkill: CLEARED TO LAND 2-7 LEFT, SPEEDBIRD 38. 353 00:18:09,131 --> 00:18:12,439 Narrator: BUT SUDDENLY, THERE'S A PROBLEM. 354 00:18:12,482 --> 00:18:16,704 Coward: I CAN'T GET POWER ON THE ENGINES. 355 00:18:16,747 --> 00:18:18,662 IT'S NOT GIVING ME POWER. 356 00:18:18,706 --> 00:18:20,055 WHAT'S GOING ON? 357 00:18:20,099 --> 00:18:21,448 Burkill: WHAT DO YOU MEAN? 358 00:18:21,491 --> 00:18:23,798 I WAS LOOKING AT THE ENGINE INSTRUMENTS, 359 00:18:23,841 --> 00:18:25,930 AND THEY DIDN'T MAKE SENSE TO ME 360 00:18:25,974 --> 00:18:28,368 BECAUSE WE WERE ASKING FOR FULL POWER, 361 00:18:28,411 --> 00:18:32,633 BUT THE ENGINE INSTRUMENTS WERE NOT GIVING US ANY POWER AT ALL. 362 00:18:32,676 --> 00:18:35,157 Narrator: LESS THAN THREE MILES FROM THE RUNWAY... 363 00:18:35,201 --> 00:18:36,506 Coward: WHAT'S GOING ON? 364 00:18:36,550 --> 00:18:38,204 Narrator: ...FLIGHT 38 IS CRIPPLED 365 00:18:38,247 --> 00:18:40,031 IN THE WORST WAY IMAGINABLE. 366 00:18:40,075 --> 00:18:42,556 Coward: WELL, IT LOOKS LIKE WE HAVE DOUBLE ENGINE FAILURE. 367 00:18:42,599 --> 00:18:45,080 Narrator: THE PLANE IS FALLING TOWARDS SOUTHWEST LONDON. 368 00:18:45,124 --> 00:18:46,603 Burkill: THIS CAN'T BE HAPPENING. 369 00:18:46,647 --> 00:18:49,998 THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST MODERN JETS IN THE WORLD. 370 00:18:50,041 --> 00:18:51,565 MAYDAY. MAYDAY. 371 00:18:51,608 --> 00:18:53,175 SPEEDBIRD. SPEEDBIRD. 372 00:18:58,441 --> 00:19:01,140 Narrator: THE PILOTS OF A BOEING TRIPLE SEVEN 373 00:19:01,183 --> 00:19:02,706 NEED TO FIND A WAY TO KEEP THEIR PLANE 374 00:19:02,750 --> 00:19:05,622 FROM CRASH-LANDING IN A LONDON SUBURB, 375 00:19:05,666 --> 00:19:10,105 POTENTIALLY KILLING SCORES OF PEOPLE. 376 00:19:10,149 --> 00:19:13,587 BOTH ENGINES ABOARD BRITISH AIRWAYS FLIGHT 38 HAVE FAILED. 377 00:19:13,630 --> 00:19:14,631 Burkill: AIRSPEED LOW. 378 00:19:17,373 --> 00:19:19,767 Narrator: THERE ISN'T ENOUGH POWER TO MAKE IT TO THE RUNWAY 379 00:19:19,810 --> 00:19:21,638 AT HEATHROW AIRPORT. 380 00:19:29,429 --> 00:19:32,693 Burkill: I KNEW I HAD ABOUT 15 SECONDS TO MAKE A HUGE DECISION. 381 00:19:32,736 --> 00:19:35,217 I NEEDED TO GET PAST THOSE BUILDINGS. 382 00:19:38,612 --> 00:19:41,658 I NEEDED TO RAISE THE FLAPS. 383 00:19:41,702 --> 00:19:45,793 Narrator: RETRACTING THE FLAPS WILL REDUCE DRAG BUT ALSO LIFT. 384 00:19:45,836 --> 00:19:47,403 THE PLANE WILL FLY FURTHER 385 00:19:47,447 --> 00:19:51,190 BUT DROP FASTER ONTO THE GRASS IN FRONT OF THE RUNWAY. 386 00:19:51,233 --> 00:19:52,930 IT'S A DANGEROUS MOVE, 387 00:19:52,974 --> 00:19:56,499 BUT IT'S CAPTAIN BURKILL'S BEST OPTION FOR SAVING LIVES. 388 00:20:08,990 --> 00:20:10,818 Burkill: IT WAS HARD, VERY HARD. 389 00:20:10,861 --> 00:20:17,564 I REMEMBER THE COUPLE OF IMPACTS AND THE NOISE. 390 00:20:17,607 --> 00:20:18,565 Harris: GOOD GOD! 391 00:20:18,608 --> 00:20:22,221 THE LANDING WAS HARD. 392 00:20:22,264 --> 00:20:24,266 IT WAS JUST A HUGE BANG. 393 00:20:24,310 --> 00:20:26,877 THE NOISE, BITS FALLING OFF THE CEILING. 394 00:20:31,795 --> 00:20:34,145 Narrator: RESCUERS RUSH TO THE SCENE. 395 00:20:34,189 --> 00:20:38,846 MIRACULOUSLY, THERE ISN'T A SINGLE CASUALTY. 396 00:20:38,889 --> 00:20:42,502 STILL, THE CRASH OF FLIGHT 38 IS THE MOST SERIOUS ACCIDENT 397 00:20:42,545 --> 00:20:45,766 AT HEATHROW IN 30 YEARS. 398 00:20:45,809 --> 00:20:48,247 MORE SIGNIFICANTLY, THE TRIPLE SEVEN IS ONE 399 00:20:48,290 --> 00:20:51,337 OF THE WORLD'S MOST MODERN AND RELIABLE JETS. 400 00:20:51,380 --> 00:20:56,472 THE ACCIDENT UNSETTLES THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY. 401 00:20:56,516 --> 00:20:58,344 David Learmount: THE TRIPLE SEVEN IS AS SAFE 402 00:20:58,387 --> 00:21:00,694 AS AN AIRPLANE CAN BE. 403 00:21:00,737 --> 00:21:04,393 IT HAD SUCH A SUPERB SAFETY RECORD. 404 00:21:04,437 --> 00:21:06,265 WHAT ON EARTH HAPPENED? 405 00:21:06,308 --> 00:21:09,006 YOU DON'T LIKE NOT KNOWING WHETHER IT MIGHT HAPPEN 406 00:21:09,050 --> 00:21:10,921 TO THE REST OF YOUR FLEET. 407 00:21:10,965 --> 00:21:13,837 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS QUICKLY ARRIVE ON THE SCENE. 408 00:21:13,881 --> 00:21:17,885 PHIL SLEIGHT IS THE LEAD ENGINEER FOR BRITAIN'S AAIB, 409 00:21:17,928 --> 00:21:20,409 THE AIR ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATION BRANCH. 410 00:21:20,453 --> 00:21:21,410 Phil Sleight: WHEN YOU FIRST APPROACH 411 00:21:21,454 --> 00:21:23,891 AN ACCIDENT SITE LIKE THIS, 412 00:21:23,934 --> 00:21:27,111 THE FIRST THOUGHT YOU'VE GOT IS, WHERE DO I START? 413 00:21:27,155 --> 00:21:29,026 Narrator: JUST HOURS AFTER THE CRASH, 414 00:21:29,070 --> 00:21:31,507 INVESTIGATORS INTERVIEW THE CREW. 415 00:21:31,551 --> 00:21:34,031 CAPTAIN PETER BURKILL HAS A FIRSTHAND ACCOUNT 416 00:21:34,075 --> 00:21:35,685 OF WHAT HAPPENED. 417 00:21:35,729 --> 00:21:37,426 Burkill: WE TRIED TO GIVE THEM MORE POWER MANUALLY, 418 00:21:37,470 --> 00:21:40,690 BUT THERE WAS NOTHING. 419 00:21:40,734 --> 00:21:42,866 Narrator: BURKILL EXPLAINS THAT SOMETHING HAD CAUSED 420 00:21:42,910 --> 00:21:45,347 BOTH OF THE JET'S ROLLS-ROYCE ENGINES 421 00:21:45,391 --> 00:21:50,265 TO ROLL BACK AT THE SAME TIME, ROBBING THE AIRCRAFT OF POWER. 422 00:21:50,309 --> 00:21:52,702 Sleight: WHEN YOU HEAR SOMETHING OF A DOUBLE ENGINE FAILURE, 423 00:21:52,746 --> 00:21:55,966 YOU START LOOKING AT WHAT'S COMMON. 424 00:21:56,010 --> 00:22:00,014 WHAT COULD CAUSE BOTH ENGINES TO FAIL AT THE SAME TIME? 425 00:22:00,057 --> 00:22:04,018 SO, OUR FIRST THOUGHTS WERE THAT IT MAY HAVE RUN OUT OF FUEL. 426 00:22:04,061 --> 00:22:05,585 Narrator: AT THE CRASH SITE, 427 00:22:05,628 --> 00:22:08,718 INVESTIGATORS LOOK AT THE AIRCRAFT'S FUEL LEVELS. 428 00:22:08,762 --> 00:22:13,941 THEY CONFIRM THAT TWO OF THE TANKS DID IN FACT HAVE FUEL. 429 00:22:13,984 --> 00:22:15,812 THE POWER LOSS ON FLIGHT 38 430 00:22:15,856 --> 00:22:18,772 MUST HAVE BEEN CAUSED BY SOMETHING ELSE. 431 00:22:18,815 --> 00:22:21,122 AN EXPLANATION SHOULD BE SIMPLE TO FIND 432 00:22:21,165 --> 00:22:24,386 SINCE EVERY PIECE OF EVIDENCE INVESTIGATORS COULD EVER WANT 433 00:22:24,430 --> 00:22:26,780 IS READILY AVAILABLE. 434 00:22:26,823 --> 00:22:29,260 Sleight: WE WERE QUITE FORTUNATE TO HAVE THE AMOUNT OF DATA 435 00:22:29,304 --> 00:22:30,958 THAT WE HAD ON THIS AIRCRAFT 436 00:22:31,001 --> 00:22:33,308 BECAUSE THE AIRCRAFT REMAINED INTACT. 437 00:22:33,352 --> 00:22:35,571 WE WERE ABLE GET LOTS OF DATA FROM THE RECORDERS, 438 00:22:35,615 --> 00:22:38,531 AND ALSO COMPUTERS. 439 00:22:38,574 --> 00:22:40,576 Narrator: THE TRIPLE SEVEN'S ADVANCED COMPUTERS 440 00:22:40,620 --> 00:22:43,405 HANDLE MOST OF THE FLIGHT'S SYSTEMS. 441 00:22:43,449 --> 00:22:45,799 A MASSIVE FAILURE OF THOSE SYSTEMS COULD EXPLAIN 442 00:22:45,842 --> 00:22:48,105 WHY THE ENGINES STOPPED WORKING. 443 00:22:51,152 --> 00:22:53,154 AFTER REVIEWING THE FLIGHT RECORDERS, 444 00:22:53,197 --> 00:22:55,504 INVESTIGATORS RULE OUT COMPUTER FAILURE 445 00:22:55,548 --> 00:22:58,812 AS A FACTOR IN THE CRASH, 446 00:22:58,855 --> 00:23:02,424 BUT THAT'S NOT ALL THE RECORDERS TELL THEM. 447 00:23:02,468 --> 00:23:04,252 Mark Ford: THE TWO MOST SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS 448 00:23:04,295 --> 00:23:07,560 FROM THE QUICK ACCESS RECORDER WERE THE FUEL METERING VALVES. 449 00:23:07,603 --> 00:23:09,475 BOTH THOSE VALVES INDICATED THAT THEY HAD OPENED 450 00:23:09,518 --> 00:23:12,173 TO THEIR FULLY OPEN POSITION. 451 00:23:12,216 --> 00:23:14,175 Narrator: THE PLANE'S COMPUTERS WERE WORKING, 452 00:23:14,218 --> 00:23:16,220 AND THE FUEL VALVES WERE OPEN, 453 00:23:16,264 --> 00:23:19,746 SO WHY WASN'T THE FUEL REACHING THE ENGINE? 454 00:23:19,789 --> 00:23:23,227 INVESTIGATORS ARE STUMPED. 455 00:23:23,271 --> 00:23:25,447 Learmount: THEY HAD THE PILOTS. THEY HAD THE PASSENGERS. 456 00:23:25,491 --> 00:23:27,144 THEY HAD THE AIRCRAFT. 457 00:23:27,188 --> 00:23:30,800 THEY HAD EVERYTHING THERE, EXCEPT THE THING THAT CAUSED IT. 458 00:23:30,844 --> 00:23:34,325 THAT HAD DISAPPEARED AS IF BY MAGIC. 459 00:23:34,369 --> 00:23:37,807 Narrator: UNABLE TO EXPLAIN WHY BRITISH AIRWAYS FLIGHT 38 460 00:23:37,851 --> 00:23:41,463 CRASH-LANDED AT HEATHROW, INVESTIGATORS NOW TURN AWAY 461 00:23:41,507 --> 00:23:44,031 FROM THE CLUES THEY HAVE TO THOSE THEY DON'T. 462 00:23:44,074 --> 00:23:45,946 Brian McDermid: PHIL STARTED COMING OUT WITH A MANTRA, 463 00:23:45,989 --> 00:23:48,122 WHICH WAS A QUOTE FROM SHERLOCK HOLMES. 464 00:23:48,165 --> 00:23:50,646 Sleight: WHATEVER IS LEFT, HOWEVER IMPROBABLE, 465 00:23:50,690 --> 00:23:52,039 MUST BE THE CAUSE. 466 00:23:54,737 --> 00:23:56,478 IT HAS TO BE. 467 00:23:56,522 --> 00:23:58,828 IN THIS CASE, WE ALWAYS KEPT COMING BACK TO WHAT'S THERE, 468 00:23:58,872 --> 00:24:01,744 WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN THERE THAT'S NOT THERE NOW, 469 00:24:01,788 --> 00:24:05,313 AND WE COME BACK TO ICE. 470 00:24:05,356 --> 00:24:07,924 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS WONDER IF ICE BUILT UP 471 00:24:07,968 --> 00:24:10,623 IN THE FUEL LINES WHILE FLYING OVER SIBERIA 472 00:24:10,666 --> 00:24:14,104 COULD HAVE CLOGGED THE SYSTEM. 473 00:24:14,148 --> 00:24:16,716 ICE IN THE FUEL LINES HAS LONG BEEN A CONCERN 474 00:24:16,759 --> 00:24:20,676 FOR JETS OF ALL KINDS FLYING IN COLD AIR MASSES. 475 00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:22,635 McDermid: IF YOU HAVE WATER IN THE FUEL, 476 00:24:22,678 --> 00:24:26,639 THEN THAT WATER WILL FREEZE AND FORM ICE CRYSTALS. 477 00:24:26,682 --> 00:24:29,772 Narrator: DECADES AGO, ENGINEERS FOUND AN INGENIOUS WAY 478 00:24:29,816 --> 00:24:31,295 TO DEAL WITH THE ICE FORMING 479 00:24:31,339 --> 00:24:35,082 IN THE FUEL LINES OF PASSENGER JETS. 480 00:24:35,125 --> 00:24:36,518 THE HEART OF THE SYSTEM 481 00:24:36,562 --> 00:24:40,435 IS THE FUEL OIL HEAT EXCHANGER, OR FOHE. 482 00:24:40,479 --> 00:24:43,482 COLD FUEL RUNS THROUGH THIN TUBES, WHICH ARE SURROUNDED 483 00:24:43,525 --> 00:24:47,442 BY THE HOT OIL USED TO LUBRICATE THE ENGINES. 484 00:24:47,486 --> 00:24:51,577 McDermid: THE PURPOSE OF A FUEL HEATER IS TO HEAT THE FUEL UP 485 00:24:51,620 --> 00:24:55,668 TO PREVENT ICING OF THE DELICATE FUEL CONTROL SYSTEM. 486 00:24:55,711 --> 00:24:58,148 Narrator: IF ICE BUILT UP IN THE FUEL LINES 487 00:24:58,192 --> 00:25:01,369 AND SOMEHOW THE FOHE FAILED TO MELT IT, 488 00:25:01,412 --> 00:25:03,371 HOW CAN INVESTIGATORS PROVE IT 489 00:25:03,414 --> 00:25:06,287 IF THE EVIDENCE OF ICE IS NO LONGER PRESENT? 490 00:25:11,422 --> 00:25:13,424 THREE MONTHS AFTER THE CRASH, 491 00:25:13,468 --> 00:25:16,732 BRIAN McDERMID FLIES TO THE BOEING HEADQUARTERS IN SEATTLE 492 00:25:16,776 --> 00:25:19,343 TO TEST WHETHER ICE WAS A KEY FACTOR 493 00:25:19,387 --> 00:25:21,389 IN BRINGING DOWN FLIGHT 38. 494 00:25:23,696 --> 00:25:27,438 FIRST, THEY RECONSTRUCT THE ENTIRE FUEL SYSTEM. 495 00:25:27,482 --> 00:25:29,702 THEN THEY REPLICATE THE TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS 496 00:25:29,745 --> 00:25:32,748 THE BOEING TRIPLE SEVEN ENCOUNTERED DURING ITS FLIGHT. 497 00:25:36,622 --> 00:25:38,058 McDermid: WHEN THE TEMPERATURE 498 00:25:38,101 --> 00:25:40,930 GETS TO ABOUT MINUS 20 DEGREES CENTIGRADE, 499 00:25:40,974 --> 00:25:43,933 THEN THOSE ICE CRYSTALS WILL START TO STICK TOGETHER 500 00:25:43,977 --> 00:25:46,501 AND WILL ALSO STICK TO THE INSIDE OF THE PIPES. 501 00:25:49,548 --> 00:25:51,462 Sleight: THERE WAS A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF SURPRISE 502 00:25:51,506 --> 00:25:53,856 AS TO HOW MUCH COULD ACTUALLY GROW. 503 00:25:53,900 --> 00:25:55,641 McDermid: NOW WE'RE GETTING SOMEWHERE. 504 00:25:59,558 --> 00:26:02,212 Narrator: WHILE INVESTIGATORS CAN PROVE THAT ICE CRYSTALS 505 00:26:02,256 --> 00:26:04,737 LIKELY FORMED DURING THE FLIGHT, 506 00:26:04,780 --> 00:26:08,697 IT DOESN'T EXPLAIN IF IT COULD HAVE TAKEN DOWN THE PLANE. 507 00:26:08,741 --> 00:26:12,266 THE FOHE SHOULD HAVE MELTED IT. 508 00:26:12,309 --> 00:26:15,574 INVESTIGATORS SIMULATE FLIGHT 38'S JOURNEY. 509 00:26:18,794 --> 00:26:21,405 DURING THE LONG VOYAGE FROM BEIJING, 510 00:26:21,449 --> 00:26:23,843 THE AUTOPILOT MAINTAINED CONSTANT SPEED 511 00:26:23,886 --> 00:26:26,062 AND LOW POWER FOR HOURS, 512 00:26:26,106 --> 00:26:29,109 NEVER DEMANDING AN ABRUPT INCREASE IN ENGINE POWER 513 00:26:29,152 --> 00:26:32,373 UNTIL JUST BEFORE THEY REACHED THE RUNWAY. 514 00:26:32,416 --> 00:26:33,461 Sleight: THE APPROACH INTO HEATHROW 515 00:26:33,504 --> 00:26:36,551 WAS QUITE A TURBULENT APPROACH, 516 00:26:36,595 --> 00:26:40,033 AND THE ENGINES WERE DEMANDING VARIOUS LEVELS OF THRUST POWER. 517 00:26:42,513 --> 00:26:43,776 McDermid: THE PROBLEM THAT WE WERE LOOKING AT 518 00:26:43,819 --> 00:26:46,256 IS VERY, VERY DIFFICULT TO REPLICATE, 519 00:26:46,300 --> 00:26:48,476 AND DURING WHAT WAS ONE OF THE LAST TESTS, 520 00:26:48,519 --> 00:26:51,958 WE ACTUALLY MANAGED TO GET ALL THE ELEMENTS TOGETHER. 521 00:26:52,001 --> 00:26:53,873 Narrator: AFTER SIMULATING RUNNING ENGINES 522 00:26:53,916 --> 00:26:57,964 AT CONSTANT SPEED, INVESTIGATORS INCREASE THE POWER, 523 00:26:58,007 --> 00:27:03,491 JUST LIKE THE AUTOPILOT DID AFTER THE PLANE HIT TURBULENCE. 524 00:27:03,534 --> 00:27:07,060 WHAT HAPPENS NEXT BREAKS THE CASE WIDE OPEN. 525 00:27:07,103 --> 00:27:09,410 THE SUDDEN DEMAND FOR MORE ENGINE POWER 526 00:27:09,453 --> 00:27:10,846 CAUSES THE FUEL PRESSURE 527 00:27:10,890 --> 00:27:13,414 DOWNSTREAM OF THE FUEL OIL HEAT EXCHANGER 528 00:27:13,457 --> 00:27:15,242 TO DROP DRAMATICALLY. 529 00:27:18,158 --> 00:27:21,335 AND WHEN INVESTIGATORS EXAMINE THIS VITAL COMPONENT... 530 00:27:24,686 --> 00:27:26,645 McDermid: WE THEN SAW THAT ICE HAD FORMED 531 00:27:26,688 --> 00:27:28,734 ACROSS THE FACE OF IT. 532 00:27:28,777 --> 00:27:32,563 Narrator: THE SYSTEM DESIGNED TO MELT THE ICE FAILED. 533 00:27:32,607 --> 00:27:35,610 SOFT ICE THAT HAD FORMED DEEP INSIDE THE FUEL LINES 534 00:27:35,654 --> 00:27:39,309 BROKE FREE WHEN THE PRESSURE WAS ABRUPTLY INCREASED. 535 00:27:39,353 --> 00:27:42,008 THE VARIEGATED DESIGN OF THE INTAKE TUBES 536 00:27:42,051 --> 00:27:45,011 CAUSED THE ICE TO CLOG THE FOHE, 537 00:27:45,054 --> 00:27:49,232 PREVENTING FUEL FROM REACHING THE ENGINES. 538 00:27:49,276 --> 00:27:51,234 McDermid: THE FUEL WILL CONTINUE TO FLOW THROUGH, 539 00:27:51,278 --> 00:27:55,021 BUT THE FLOW RATE IS MUCH LOWER THAN IT SHOULD BE. 540 00:27:55,064 --> 00:27:57,414 Coward: PETE, I CAN'T GET POWER ON THE ENGINES. 541 00:27:57,458 --> 00:27:59,242 IT'S NOT GIVING ME POWER. 542 00:27:59,286 --> 00:28:01,505 Narrator: FACING A THREAT NO ONE KNEW EXISTED... 543 00:28:01,549 --> 00:28:03,943 Burkill: MAYDAY. SPEEDBIRD. SPEEDBIRD. 544 00:28:03,986 --> 00:28:05,379 Narrator: ...THE PILOTS DIDN'T HAVE A CHANCE 545 00:28:05,422 --> 00:28:07,207 TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM. 546 00:28:12,299 --> 00:28:13,779 THE ICE THAT BROUGHT DOWN 547 00:28:13,822 --> 00:28:16,129 ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST SOPHISTICATED AIRPLANES 548 00:28:16,172 --> 00:28:18,827 WAS GONE BY THE TIME INVESTIGATORS SHOWED UP. 549 00:28:18,871 --> 00:28:21,308 Learmount: THE WEIRD THING ABOUT THIS INVESTIGATION 550 00:28:21,351 --> 00:28:25,747 WAS THAT THE CULPRIT HAD FLED THE SCENE. 551 00:28:25,791 --> 00:28:27,793 Narrator: SOON AFTER THE SEATTLE TESTS, 552 00:28:27,836 --> 00:28:29,708 THE ENGINE MAKER, ROLLS-ROYCE, 553 00:28:29,751 --> 00:28:33,059 REDESIGNED THE FUEL OIL HEAT EXCHANGER. 554 00:28:33,102 --> 00:28:36,323 BUT IT'S THE UNRELENTING DILIGENCE OF INVESTIGATORS, 555 00:28:36,366 --> 00:28:38,978 AND A LITTLE INSPIRATION FROM SHERLOCK HOLMES, 556 00:28:39,021 --> 00:28:40,980 THAT SOLVES THIS MYSTERY. 557 00:28:41,023 --> 00:28:42,329 John Nance: SO, THE PHILOSOPHY HERE 558 00:28:42,372 --> 00:28:44,331 IS THAT YOU LEAVE NO STONE UNTURNED. 559 00:28:44,374 --> 00:28:46,159 IF THERE'S ANY STONE LEFT UNTURNED, 560 00:28:46,202 --> 00:28:47,943 ANY PIECE OF METAL THAT NEEDS TO BE KICKED OVER, 561 00:28:47,987 --> 00:28:51,077 LOOKED AT, AND ANALYZED, THEN YOUR JOB IS NOT DONE YET. 562 00:28:56,996 --> 00:28:59,302 Narrator: PAN AM FLIGHT 103 IS ON ITS WAY 563 00:28:59,346 --> 00:29:02,697 FROM LONDON TO NEW YORK. 564 00:29:02,741 --> 00:29:05,526 THE JET HAS JUST TAKEN OFF FROM HEATHROW AIRPORT. 565 00:29:08,703 --> 00:29:09,835 MacQuarrie: GOOD EVENING, SCOTTISH. 566 00:29:09,878 --> 00:29:10,836 CLIPPER 103. 567 00:29:10,879 --> 00:29:13,490 WE ARE LEVEL AT 3-1-0. 568 00:29:15,710 --> 00:29:18,539 Controller: 103, YOU ARE IDENTIFIED. 569 00:29:22,064 --> 00:29:23,631 Narrator: MOST OF THE PASSENGERS 570 00:29:23,674 --> 00:29:27,678 ARE AMERICANS ON THEIR WAY HOME FOR THE HOLIDAY SEASON. 571 00:29:27,722 --> 00:29:29,855 THE FIRST PART OF THE TRIP TO THE UNITED STATES 572 00:29:29,898 --> 00:29:34,076 TAKES THE PLANE NORTHWEST UP OVER SCOTLAND, 573 00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:36,905 THEN ACROSS THE ATLANTIC OCEAN TO NEW YORK CITY. 574 00:29:39,125 --> 00:29:44,260 37 MINUTES INTO THE FLIGHT, THE PLANE FLIES OVER LOCKERBIE. 575 00:29:44,304 --> 00:29:46,567 IT'S ONE OF SEVERAL SMALL TOWNS IN SCOTLAND 576 00:29:46,610 --> 00:29:48,830 THE PLANE WILL PASS OVER. 577 00:29:48,874 --> 00:29:51,833 MICHAEL GORDON IS CHATTING WITH A FRIEND. 578 00:29:51,877 --> 00:29:53,008 [BOOM] 579 00:29:53,052 --> 00:29:54,444 Michael Gordon: YEAH, HANG ON. 580 00:29:54,488 --> 00:29:58,448 UM, THERE'S SOMETHING ODD OUTSIDE HERE. 581 00:29:58,492 --> 00:30:01,887 I HEARD THIS NOISE, AND THE NOISE SOUNDED LIKE THUNDER, 582 00:30:01,930 --> 00:30:05,325 AND THE NOISE GOT LOUDER AND LOUDER, 583 00:30:05,368 --> 00:30:06,848 AND I COULD HEAR THE NOISE 584 00:30:06,892 --> 00:30:08,154 THEN GOT TO THE STAGE 585 00:30:08,197 --> 00:30:09,503 OF BEING SIMILAR 586 00:30:09,546 --> 00:30:11,113 TO A JET FIGHTER. 587 00:30:11,157 --> 00:30:14,029 AND AT THAT TIME, WE HAD A LOT OF MILITARY AIRCRAFT 588 00:30:14,073 --> 00:30:17,250 PASSING THROUGH THE AREA. 589 00:30:17,293 --> 00:30:18,729 I SAW DARK OBJECTS, 590 00:30:18,773 --> 00:30:21,210 DARK THINGS FALLING FROM THE SKY 591 00:30:21,254 --> 00:30:24,692 AGAINST THE LIGHTS OF LOCKERBIE. 592 00:30:24,735 --> 00:30:28,609 AND THEN I COULD SEE A LONG, THIN BLACK OBJECT, 593 00:30:28,652 --> 00:30:31,699 WHICH HAD A FIRE ON THE UPPER SURFACE, COMING IN, 594 00:30:31,742 --> 00:30:35,834 AND IT WAS MAKING ITS WAY TOWARDS LOCKERBIE. 595 00:30:38,010 --> 00:30:41,448 [CRASH] 596 00:30:41,491 --> 00:30:46,888 [EXPLOSION] 597 00:30:46,932 --> 00:30:50,283 WHEN IT HIT, IT WAS THE MOST HORRENDOUS EXPLOSION. 598 00:30:53,939 --> 00:30:57,638 Narrator: PAN AM FLIGHT 103 HAS FALLEN FROM THE SKY. 599 00:30:57,681 --> 00:30:59,683 LOCKERBIE IS BURNING. 600 00:30:59,727 --> 00:31:04,427 AIR CRASH INVESTIGATORS ARE DISPATCHED TO THE TOWN. 601 00:31:04,471 --> 00:31:08,475 MICK CHARLES IS THE AAIB'S LEAD INSPECTOR. 602 00:31:08,518 --> 00:31:09,911 Mick Charles: ONE OF THE FIRST SITES WE WENT TO 603 00:31:09,955 --> 00:31:11,565 WAS THE SITE OF THE CRATER. 604 00:31:11,608 --> 00:31:14,220 THAT WAS, UH, STILL SMELLING 605 00:31:14,263 --> 00:31:16,962 VERY MUCH OF AVIATION FUEL FOR A START, 606 00:31:17,005 --> 00:31:21,662 AND, UH, SCATTERED ALL AROUND WERE, WERE BITS OF DEBRIS, 607 00:31:21,705 --> 00:31:25,753 AND, IN SOME CASES, HUMAN TISSUE AS WELL. 608 00:31:25,796 --> 00:31:29,844 Narrator: ALL 259 PEOPLE ON THE FLIGHT ARE DEAD. 609 00:31:29,888 --> 00:31:32,325 11 PEOPLE FROM LOCKERBIE HAVE ALSO BEEN KILLED 610 00:31:32,368 --> 00:31:34,066 IN THE DISASTER. 611 00:31:34,109 --> 00:31:35,763 CHARLES IS UNDER INTENSE PRESSURE 612 00:31:35,806 --> 00:31:38,679 TO EXPLAIN WHAT CAUSED THE TRAGEDY. 613 00:31:38,722 --> 00:31:40,724 Charles: YOU'LL BE ORGANIZED INTO GROUPS, 614 00:31:40,768 --> 00:31:43,945 HEADED BY AN AAIB INSPECTOR. 615 00:31:43,989 --> 00:31:48,297 DOES ANYONE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS? 616 00:31:48,341 --> 00:31:50,082 THE SOONER WE START, THE BETTER. 617 00:31:52,432 --> 00:31:54,347 IT WAS ALL HEAVING, IT WAS HAPPENING, 618 00:31:54,390 --> 00:31:56,218 THERE WERE LOADS OF PEOPLE, 619 00:31:56,262 --> 00:32:00,788 AND IT WAS, TO SOME EXTENT, CHAOS. 620 00:32:00,831 --> 00:32:02,137 Narrator: BUT FROM THE OUTSET, 621 00:32:02,181 --> 00:32:04,792 THE INVESTIGATION IS WITHOUT LEADS. 622 00:32:04,835 --> 00:32:08,317 THE CRASH OF PAN AM 103 IS A COMPLETE MYSTERY. 623 00:32:08,361 --> 00:32:13,018 ♪ 624 00:32:13,061 --> 00:32:14,715 Chris Pollard: YOU ALWAYS HAVE THIS, 625 00:32:14,758 --> 00:32:19,589 THIS SENSE OF WANTINGTO GET TO GRIPS WITH WHAT IT IS. 626 00:32:19,633 --> 00:32:22,810 IT WAS QUITE CLEAR THAT WHATEVER IT WAS WAS COLOSSAL. 627 00:32:22,853 --> 00:32:28,337 ♪ 628 00:32:28,381 --> 00:32:30,209 Narrator: MORE THAN 1,000 POLICE OFFICERS 629 00:32:30,252 --> 00:32:36,215 AND 600 MEMBERS OF THE MILITARY POUR INTO LOCKERBIE TO HELP. 630 00:32:36,258 --> 00:32:39,392 Pollard: AT THE START OF THE INVESTIGATION, 631 00:32:39,435 --> 00:32:43,352 WHAT WE WERE DOING WAS FINDING ALL THE AIRPLANE. 632 00:32:43,396 --> 00:32:45,093 Narrator: FROM THE GROUND, 633 00:32:45,137 --> 00:32:49,619 THE SHEER SCALE OF THE DISASTER IS DIFFICULT TO COMPREHEND. 634 00:32:49,663 --> 00:32:52,100 Charles: CHRIS, THE RAF HAVE OFFERED US A HELICOPTER. 635 00:32:52,144 --> 00:32:53,319 CAN WE USE IT? 636 00:32:53,362 --> 00:32:54,929 Pollard: ABSOLUTELY. 637 00:32:54,973 --> 00:32:57,149 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS NEED TO GET A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW 638 00:32:57,192 --> 00:33:00,630 SO THEY CAN LOCATE AND BEGIN TO MAP THE FIELD OF DEBRIS. 639 00:33:03,720 --> 00:33:05,809 WHEN THEY SURVEY THE SITE FROM ABOVE, 640 00:33:05,853 --> 00:33:08,160 THEY'RE SHOCKED BY WHAT THEY FIND. 641 00:33:08,203 --> 00:33:10,640 PIECES OF THE PLANE ARE SCATTERED OVER AN AREA 642 00:33:10,684 --> 00:33:13,948 LARGER THAN ALL OF LONDON. 643 00:33:13,992 --> 00:33:17,821 IT QUICKLY BECOMES CLEAR THAT PAN AM 103 WAS COMING APART 644 00:33:17,865 --> 00:33:19,867 LONG BEFORE IT HIT THE GROUND. 645 00:33:19,910 --> 00:33:21,173 Charles: NORMALLY, YOU'RE SEEING 646 00:33:21,216 --> 00:33:23,523 A FAIRLY CONTAINED ACCIDENT SITE. 647 00:33:23,566 --> 00:33:26,047 IN LOCKERBIE, IT WAS NOTHING LIKE THAT. 648 00:33:26,091 --> 00:33:30,617 THE POLICE HAD IDENTIFIED HALF A DOZEN DISCRETE SITES. 649 00:33:30,660 --> 00:33:34,925 Narrator: A 747 IS MADE UP OF MORE THAN SIX MILLION PARTS. 650 00:33:34,969 --> 00:33:37,058 IN THE MANGLED REMAINS OF THE JET, 651 00:33:37,102 --> 00:33:39,060 INVESTIGATORS NEED TO FIND THE ONE 652 00:33:39,104 --> 00:33:43,238 THAT WILL TELL THEM WHAT HAPPENED. 653 00:33:43,282 --> 00:33:45,806 INSIDE THE PLANE'S SEVERED COCKPIT, 654 00:33:45,849 --> 00:33:47,416 INVESTIGATORS NOTE THE POSITION 655 00:33:47,460 --> 00:33:50,028 OF VARIOUS SWITCHES AND CONTROLS. 656 00:33:50,071 --> 00:33:52,291 THEY FIND THE AUTOPILOT IS ON, 657 00:33:52,334 --> 00:33:55,250 AND THE OXYGEN MASKS ARE STILL STOWED. 658 00:33:55,294 --> 00:33:57,818 Charles: NOTHING AT ALL UNTOWARD FOUND IN THE COCKPIT. 659 00:33:57,861 --> 00:34:02,736 IT WAS...EVERYTHING WAS CONSISTENT WITH CRUISING FLIGHT. 660 00:34:02,779 --> 00:34:04,129 Narrator: WHILE THE PAINSTAKING WORK 661 00:34:04,172 --> 00:34:06,783 OF COLLECTING EVIDENCE CONTINUES, 662 00:34:06,827 --> 00:34:11,005 INVESTIGATORS WONDER IF SABOTAGE COULD BE AT PLAY. 663 00:34:11,049 --> 00:34:12,006 Tom Thurman: CHARLES? 664 00:34:12,050 --> 00:34:13,660 Narrator: TOM THURMAN OF THE FBI 665 00:34:13,703 --> 00:34:16,097 ARRIVES TO HELP THE INVESTIGATION. 666 00:34:16,141 --> 00:34:17,707 IF IT WAS A BOMB, 667 00:34:17,751 --> 00:34:21,102 THERE'S A CHANCE THAT IMPORTANT EVIDENCE CAN BE FOUND. 668 00:34:21,146 --> 00:34:23,191 Thurman: WE WERE LOOKING FOR BLAST DAMAGE 669 00:34:23,235 --> 00:34:26,020 ON THESE PIECES OF METAL, 670 00:34:26,064 --> 00:34:29,241 BUT UNTIL WE FOUND SOMETHING THAT SAID IT WAS A BOMB, 671 00:34:29,284 --> 00:34:32,157 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE, IT WAS AN ACCIDENT. 672 00:34:35,769 --> 00:34:37,162 Narrator: ON CHRISTMAS EVE, 673 00:34:37,205 --> 00:34:39,947 JUST THREE DAYS AFTER THE CRASH OF THE PLANE, 674 00:34:39,990 --> 00:34:42,515 THE INVESTIGATION GETS AN ENORMOUS BREAK. 675 00:34:42,558 --> 00:34:44,517 Thurman: MICK CHARLES, HE HAD A BAG 676 00:34:44,560 --> 00:34:46,780 AND HAD A PIECE OF METAL IN THE BAG. 677 00:34:46,823 --> 00:34:48,347 WHAT IS IT? 678 00:34:48,390 --> 00:34:50,784 Charles: WE THINK IT'S A PIECE OF LUGGAGE RAIL. 679 00:34:50,827 --> 00:34:54,309 IT HELPS GUIDE THE CARGO CONTAINERS INTO PLACE. 680 00:34:54,353 --> 00:34:57,312 Narrator: SMALL MARKS ARE IDENTIFIED ON THE METAL, 681 00:34:57,356 --> 00:35:01,099 CRATERS THAT ARE THE TELLTALE SIGNS OF A BOMB. 682 00:35:01,142 --> 00:35:04,972 Thurman: THE HOT GASES OF THE COMBUSTION PROCESS 683 00:35:05,015 --> 00:35:08,628 OF THE EXPLOSION HITS A PIECE OF PARTICULARLY METAL, 684 00:35:08,671 --> 00:35:14,590 AND IT PUTS PITS IN IT, LIKE YOU WOULD TAKE A BLOWTORCH. 685 00:35:14,634 --> 00:35:16,549 Charles: WE WERE VERY SUSPICIOUS THAT IT WAS A BOMB 686 00:35:16,592 --> 00:35:19,291 WHICH HAD CAUSED THIS DESTRUCTION, UM, 687 00:35:19,334 --> 00:35:21,815 BUT WE WERE NOT PREPARED TO SAY ANYTHING 688 00:35:21,858 --> 00:35:23,904 UNTIL WE'D HAD THOSE DETAILS CONFIRMED 689 00:35:23,947 --> 00:35:26,036 BY THE FORENSIC EXPERTS. 690 00:35:26,080 --> 00:35:27,734 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS SEND THE LUGGAGE RAIL 691 00:35:27,777 --> 00:35:30,998 TO A BRITISH FORENSICS LAB FOR ANALYSIS. 692 00:35:31,041 --> 00:35:32,956 THE RESULTS ARE CONCLUSIVE. 693 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:36,438 TRACES OF TWO CHEMICALS USED TO MAKE PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES 694 00:35:36,482 --> 00:35:39,180 ARE FOUND ON THE DEBRIS RECOVERED NEAR LOCKERBIE. 695 00:35:42,052 --> 00:35:45,621 ON DECEMBER THE 28th, JUST SEVEN DAYS AFTER THE CRASH, 696 00:35:45,665 --> 00:35:48,058 AIR CRASH INVESTIGATORS HAVE THEIR PROOF. 697 00:35:48,102 --> 00:35:50,191 Charles: IT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED THAT TWO PARTS 698 00:35:50,235 --> 00:35:53,499 OF THE METAL LUGGAGE PALLET'S FRAMEWORK 699 00:35:53,542 --> 00:35:59,722 SHOW CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE OF A DETONATING HIGH EXPLOSIVE. 700 00:35:59,766 --> 00:36:03,073 Narrator: PAN AM FLIGHT 103 WAS BOMBED. 701 00:36:03,117 --> 00:36:06,251 THE INVESTIGATION TAKES ON A WHOLE NEW URGENCY. 702 00:36:06,294 --> 00:36:10,864 IT FALLS UPON THE FBI TO ANSWER ONE CLEAR QUESTION. 703 00:36:10,907 --> 00:36:12,779 Dick Marquise: OUR MANDATE, UH, WITH REGARD TO LOCKERBIE 704 00:36:12,822 --> 00:36:15,477 WAS FIND OUT WHO DID IT AND PROVE IT, UH, 705 00:36:15,521 --> 00:36:18,219 BECAUSE WHAT WE WANTED TO DO WAS BRING SOMEONE TO JUSTICE 706 00:36:18,263 --> 00:36:20,613 AND MAKE THEM ANSWER FOR KILLING 270 PEOPLE. 707 00:36:23,572 --> 00:36:27,402 Narrator: THE PAN AM 103 TRAGEDY BECOMES A CRIMINAL CASE, 708 00:36:27,446 --> 00:36:31,667 BUT THE FBI STILL NEEDS THE EXPERTISE OF AAIB INVESTIGATORS 709 00:36:31,711 --> 00:36:33,495 TO SOLVE THE MYSTERY. 710 00:36:38,979 --> 00:36:40,894 FINDING THE BOMB IS ONE THING. 711 00:36:40,937 --> 00:36:43,723 FINDING WHO PLANTED IT IS QUITE ANOTHER. 712 00:36:43,766 --> 00:36:47,509 IT WILL PUSH THE SKILLS OF THE AAIB TEAM TO THE LIMIT. 713 00:36:51,513 --> 00:36:54,342 AAIB ENGINEERS RECONSTRUCT THE HULL 714 00:36:54,386 --> 00:36:57,867 FROM FRAGMENTS OF THE WRECKAGE RETRIEVED FROM THE CRASH SITE. 715 00:36:57,911 --> 00:37:01,436 THEY SOON PINPOINT THE LOCATION OF THE BLAST. 716 00:37:01,480 --> 00:37:02,959 PETER CLAIDEN IS RESPONSIBLE 717 00:37:03,003 --> 00:37:05,135 FOR REASSEMBLING THE CARGO CONTAINERS 718 00:37:05,179 --> 00:37:07,660 THAT WERE DIRECTLY BEHIND THE SHATTER ZONE. 719 00:37:07,703 --> 00:37:10,315 Peter Claiden: THE MAIN GOAL I HAD WAS TO IDENTIFY 720 00:37:10,358 --> 00:37:15,407 THE BAGGAGE CONTAINER THAT CONTAINED THE DEVICE. 721 00:37:15,450 --> 00:37:16,799 Narrator: THE INVESTIGATORS CONCENTRATE 722 00:37:16,843 --> 00:37:18,279 ON THE CARGO CONTAINERS 723 00:37:18,323 --> 00:37:20,934 THAT WERE FOUND IN THE SOUTHERN DEBRIS FIELD, 724 00:37:20,977 --> 00:37:26,026 WRECKAGE THAT WAS EJECTED SHORTLY AFTER THE EXPLOSION. 725 00:37:26,069 --> 00:37:30,552 THE METAL CONTAINER, AVE 4041, IS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST. 726 00:37:32,554 --> 00:37:34,426 IT WAS RESTING IN FRONT OF THE WING, 727 00:37:34,469 --> 00:37:38,560 WHERE THE BLAST DAMAGE IS THE WORST. 728 00:37:38,604 --> 00:37:41,259 Claiden: THE DAMAGE CAUSED TO THE METAL CONTAINER 729 00:37:41,302 --> 00:37:42,825 WAS QUITE SEVERE. 730 00:37:42,869 --> 00:37:46,960 THE DAMAGE TO THE ADJACENT FIBERGLASS CONTAINER, 731 00:37:47,003 --> 00:37:50,746 I THINK YOU MIGHT CALL IT COLLATERAL DAMAGE. 732 00:37:50,790 --> 00:37:53,053 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS CREATE A SIMPLE FRAMEWORK 733 00:37:53,096 --> 00:37:57,710 AND ATTACH THE PIECES OF THE REAL CARGO CONTAINER TO IT. 734 00:37:57,753 --> 00:38:00,365 AS THEY DO IT, IT BECOMES CLEAR. 735 00:38:00,408 --> 00:38:05,457 AVE 4041 CARRIED THE BOMB THAT BROUGHT THE PLANE DOWN. 736 00:38:09,852 --> 00:38:12,202 CLOSELY EXAMINING DAMAGE TO THE FLOOR 737 00:38:12,246 --> 00:38:15,641 AND THE SIDE OF THE CONTAINER, INVESTIGATORS ARE ALSO ABLE 738 00:38:15,684 --> 00:38:17,904 TO PINPOINT THE HEIGHT OF THE BOMB, 739 00:38:17,947 --> 00:38:22,735 WHERE IT WAS IN THE CONTAINER WHEN IT EXPLODED. 740 00:38:22,778 --> 00:38:24,345 Claiden: WHAT THAT SAID TO ME 741 00:38:24,389 --> 00:38:29,307 WAS THAT THE DEVICE WAS PROBABLY IN A SUITCASE, 742 00:38:29,350 --> 00:38:30,612 AND THAT SUITCASE WAS PROBABLY 743 00:38:30,656 --> 00:38:32,440 NOT ON THE FLOOR OF THE CONTAINER. 744 00:38:32,484 --> 00:38:35,356 IT LOOKED LIKE IT WAS ONE LEVEL UP. 745 00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:37,097 Narrator: ACCORDING TO LUGGAGE RECORDS, 746 00:38:37,140 --> 00:38:39,229 IT MEANS THE BAG CONTAINING THE BOMB 747 00:38:39,273 --> 00:38:41,623 HAD COME FROM A CONNECTING FLIGHT. 748 00:38:45,018 --> 00:38:46,759 BUT WHOSE SUITCASE WAS IT, 749 00:38:46,802 --> 00:38:49,327 AND AT WHAT POINT WAS IT PUT ON THE PLANE? 750 00:38:50,545 --> 00:38:52,547 INVESTIGATORS HUNT FOR THE SUITCASE 751 00:38:52,591 --> 00:38:56,159 THAT HELD THE BOMB THAT TOOK DOWN PAN AM 103. 752 00:38:56,203 --> 00:38:58,510 STUDYING SMALL PIECES OF WRECKAGE, 753 00:38:58,553 --> 00:39:01,687 BRITISH FORENSIC EXPERTS IDENTIFY THE SUITCASE, 754 00:39:01,730 --> 00:39:04,646 A HARD-SIDED SAMSONITE 4000. 755 00:39:06,735 --> 00:39:09,172 SEVERAL PIECES OF CLOTHING HAVE ALSO BEEN IDENTIFIED 756 00:39:09,216 --> 00:39:11,436 THAT WERE VERY CLOSE TO THE EXPLOSION, 757 00:39:11,479 --> 00:39:16,136 LIKELY IN THE SUITCASE THAT CONCEALED THE BOMB. 758 00:39:16,179 --> 00:39:19,487 MOST OF THESE CLOTHES WERE MADE BY A SINGLE MANUFACTURER 759 00:39:19,531 --> 00:39:23,796 AND WERE ONLY SOLD ON THE TINY ISLAND OF MALTA. 760 00:39:23,839 --> 00:39:26,494 Marquise: SO, MALTA BECAME THE FOCUS OF THE INVESTIGATION 761 00:39:26,538 --> 00:39:30,498 BECAUSE OF THE MANUFACTURE AND EVENTUALLY, UH, 762 00:39:30,542 --> 00:39:32,239 DISTRIBUTION OF SOME OF THE CLOTHING 763 00:39:32,282 --> 00:39:35,024 THAT WAS FOUND AT LOCKERBIE. 764 00:39:35,068 --> 00:39:37,679 Narrator: INVESTIGATORS FIND THE SHOP IN MALTA 765 00:39:37,723 --> 00:39:39,202 WHERE THE CLOTHES WERE SOLD. 766 00:39:39,246 --> 00:39:42,380 THE OWNER GIVES THEM ANOTHER CLUE. 767 00:39:42,423 --> 00:39:44,469 Marquise: THE KEY THING THAT HE TOLD US 768 00:39:44,512 --> 00:39:47,167 WAS THE PERSON HAD A LIBYAN ACCENT, 769 00:39:47,210 --> 00:39:49,125 SOMETHING WE DIDN'T REALLY HAVE EVIDENCE YET 770 00:39:49,169 --> 00:39:53,478 THAT TIED LIBYA TO THE BOMBING. 771 00:39:53,521 --> 00:39:55,915 Narrator: IN 1988, LIBYA WAS REELING 772 00:39:55,958 --> 00:40:00,833 FROM A NUMBER OF CONFRONTATIONS WITH THE AMERICAN MILITARY. 773 00:40:00,876 --> 00:40:02,704 Ronald Reagan: IT WILL NOT SURPRISE ANY OF YOU 774 00:40:02,748 --> 00:40:04,924 TO KNOW THAT IN ADDITION TO IRAN, 775 00:40:04,967 --> 00:40:07,840 WE HAVE IDENTIFIED ANOTHER NATION, LIBYA, 776 00:40:07,883 --> 00:40:10,408 AS DEEPLY INVOLVED IN TERRORISM. 777 00:40:13,019 --> 00:40:15,108 Narrator: THE COUNTRY WAS ISOLATED, AND ITS LEADER, 778 00:40:15,151 --> 00:40:19,504 MUAMMAR KHADDAFFI, AGGRESSIVELY ANTI-AMERICAN. 779 00:40:19,547 --> 00:40:22,071 PERHAPS THE BOMBING OF THE PAN AM FLIGHT 780 00:40:22,115 --> 00:40:25,597 WAS AN ATTACK BY LIBYA AGAINST THE UNITED STATES. 781 00:40:28,034 --> 00:40:31,080 PORING THROUGH BAGGAGE RECORDS FOR THE PAN AM FLIGHT, 782 00:40:31,124 --> 00:40:34,475 POLICE DISCOVER A SUITCASE THAT HAD BEEN CARRIED FROM MALTA 783 00:40:34,519 --> 00:40:37,391 TO FRANKFURT EARLIER THAT DAY. 784 00:40:37,435 --> 00:40:44,572 BAG NUMBER B8849 HAD BEEN SENT THROUGH TO HEATHROW AIRPORT. 785 00:40:44,616 --> 00:40:46,922 IT WAS THEN PLACED ON THE SECOND LEVEL 786 00:40:46,966 --> 00:40:50,752 OF CARGO CONTAINER AVE 4041. 787 00:40:50,796 --> 00:40:52,362 IT WAS THE SAMSONITE CASE 788 00:40:52,406 --> 00:40:55,496 INVESTIGATORS NOW KNOW CARRIED THE BOMB. 789 00:41:03,939 --> 00:41:05,724 MORE THAN A YEAR AFTER THE CRASH, 790 00:41:05,767 --> 00:41:10,032 A NEW DISCOVERY IN LOCKERBIE HELPS INVESTIGATORS. 791 00:41:10,076 --> 00:41:12,339 FORENSIC EXPERTS DISCOVER A CIRCUIT BOARD 792 00:41:12,382 --> 00:41:14,994 AMONG THE CLOTHES THAT CAME FROM MALTA. 793 00:41:17,649 --> 00:41:22,175 Thurman: THIS CIRCUIT BOARD IS HALF THE SIZE OF YOUR THUMBNAIL. 794 00:41:22,218 --> 00:41:24,307 Narrator: THURMAN TAKES THE PHOTO OF THE CIRCUIT BOARD 795 00:41:24,351 --> 00:41:26,832 TO THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY. 796 00:41:30,923 --> 00:41:33,926 Thurman: WAIT A SECOND. 797 00:41:33,969 --> 00:41:36,668 THAT COULD BE THE SAME. 798 00:41:36,711 --> 00:41:39,801 DO YOU HAVE THIS TIMER? 799 00:41:39,845 --> 00:41:42,543 Narrator: SIFTING THROUGH REPORTS ON VARIOUS BOMBINGS, 800 00:41:42,587 --> 00:41:44,632 THURMAN FINDS A MATCH. 801 00:41:47,113 --> 00:41:49,942 Thurman: WITHIN A FEW MINUTES, LITERALLY, 802 00:41:49,985 --> 00:41:51,900 I STARTED GETTING COLD CHILLS. 803 00:41:51,944 --> 00:41:55,513 AND RIGHT NOW AS I TALK ABOUT IT, COLD CHILLS START ON ME, 804 00:41:55,556 --> 00:41:56,731 BECAUSE I CAN, I CAN STILL SEE 805 00:41:56,775 --> 00:41:59,865 THAT MOMENT SO VIVIDLY IN MY MIND 806 00:41:59,908 --> 00:42:01,823 THAT I'M LOOKING AT A CIRCUIT TRACK 807 00:42:01,867 --> 00:42:04,609 THAT'S JUST LIKE WHAT I'M SEEING IN THE PHOTOGRAPH. 808 00:42:04,652 --> 00:42:07,133 THIS IS WHAT WE'RE LOOKING FOR. 809 00:42:07,176 --> 00:42:09,048 Narrator: THE TIMER THE CIA HAS 810 00:42:09,091 --> 00:42:12,747 WAS SEIZED IN AFRICA A FEW YEARS EARLIER. 811 00:42:12,791 --> 00:42:14,793 TWO LIBYAN MEN WERE TRYING TO GET IT, 812 00:42:14,836 --> 00:42:16,577 AND SEVERAL POUNDS OF EXPLOSIVES, 813 00:42:16,621 --> 00:42:19,101 PAST AIRPORT SECURITY. 814 00:42:19,145 --> 00:42:23,192 IT'S IDENTICAL TO THE TIMER USED TO BRING DOWN FLIGHT 103. 815 00:42:23,236 --> 00:42:27,414 [EXPLOSION] 816 00:42:27,457 --> 00:42:30,591 Thurman: THIS IS A LONG DELAY TIMER 817 00:42:30,635 --> 00:42:32,811 THAT BROUGHT DOWN THAT AIRCRAFT. 818 00:42:32,854 --> 00:42:36,510 BUT NOW WE WANT TO KNOW, OKAY, WHERE'D THIS COME FROM? 819 00:42:36,554 --> 00:42:40,079 Narrator: IN 1999, 11 YEARS AFTER THE BOMBING, 820 00:42:40,122 --> 00:42:42,342 THEY FINALLY HAVE THE BOMBER. 821 00:42:42,385 --> 00:42:44,344 AT THE TIME OF THE DISASTER, 822 00:42:44,387 --> 00:42:47,086 ABDEL AL-MEGRAHI WAS AN INTELLIGENCE OFFICER 823 00:42:47,129 --> 00:42:48,957 FOR THE LIBYAN GOVERNMENT. 824 00:42:49,001 --> 00:42:52,047 HE'S ARRESTED AND CHARGED. 825 00:42:52,091 --> 00:42:55,790 IN 2001, SCOTTISH JUDGES SENTENCE HIM TO LIFE 826 00:42:55,834 --> 00:42:59,620 FOR THE MURDER OF 270 PEOPLE. 827 00:42:59,664 --> 00:43:02,362 THE HUNT FOR EVIDENCE INVOLVING FBI AGENTS 828 00:43:02,405 --> 00:43:04,059 AND AAIB INVESTIGATORS 829 00:43:04,103 --> 00:43:06,018 BRINGS JUSTICE TO THE CASE. 830 00:43:09,412 --> 00:43:11,545 Marquise: LOCKERBIE WAS A RARE OCCASION 831 00:43:11,589 --> 00:43:13,852 THAT WE FELT HONORED TO BE A PART OF. 832 00:43:13,895 --> 00:43:16,724 EVERYBODY PLAYED SMALL ROLES TO MAKE BIG CONTRIBUTIONS 833 00:43:16,768 --> 00:43:19,466 TO AN OVERALL SUCCESS. 834 00:43:19,509 --> 00:43:21,163 Narrator: WHEN AN AIRLINER BECOMES CRIPPLED 835 00:43:21,207 --> 00:43:22,687 HIGH IN THE SKY... 836 00:43:22,730 --> 00:43:25,646 Burkill: MAYDAY. SPEEDBIRD. SPEEDBIRD. 837 00:43:25,690 --> 00:43:28,170 Narrator: ...WE HEAR STORIES OF HERO PILOTS. 838 00:43:30,782 --> 00:43:33,654 WHEN A PLANE CRASHES, 839 00:43:33,698 --> 00:43:37,702 WE HEAR OF HEROIC RESCUE EFFORTS THAT SAVE LIVES. 840 00:43:37,745 --> 00:43:39,094 BUT THERE ARE OTHER HEROES 841 00:43:39,138 --> 00:43:41,793 AMIDST THE TRAGEDY OF AN AIR DISASTER-- 842 00:43:41,836 --> 00:43:45,579 THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO CRACK A CASE AGAINST ALL ODDS 843 00:43:45,623 --> 00:43:49,017 AND WORK TO MAKE SURE IT NEVER HAPPENS AGAIN. 844 00:43:49,061 --> 00:43:50,758 Benzon: IF YOU'VE BEEN DOING THIS FOR A FEW YEARS, 845 00:43:50,802 --> 00:43:54,196 YOU UNDERSTAND THAT THE WORK IS,IS PRETTY DARNED IMPORTANT. 846 00:43:54,240 --> 00:43:57,896 YOU CONVINCE YOURSELF THAT YOU ACTUALLY END UP SAVING LIVES.